Battle of Buxar

THE BATTLE OF BUXAR

Mir qasim proved to be an able administrator. And wanted to remove unfair privileges that the company enjoyed due to the use of dastaks. As a consequence, the British became hostile towards him and soon war broke out between the British and Nawab’s forces. A series of battles were fought between them in 1763 and mir qasim was defeated. Mir jafar was restored to the throne of Bengal.

Mir qasim sought to help from shuja-ud daulah, the nawab of awadh and shah alam II  the mughal emperor.The allied forces of Mir qasim shuja –ud- daulah and shah Alam II clashed with British forces in the battle of buxar in 1764.The British forces were led by Hector munro. The British forces were easily defeated the alliance forces. As an aftermath of this defetat both shuja-ud-daulah and shah Alam II  faced penalties.Mir Qasim managed to escape and spent his last days in abject poverty.

Penalties given by the British to SHUJA-UD-DAULAH and SHAH ALAM II aftermath of the battle of Buxar

1-Shuja-ud-daulah had to give up the districts of Allahabad and kota to the British.

2-The rights of diwani of Bihar,Odisha and Bengal were also acquired by British from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II . He also gave five million rupees as compensation to the British.     

Carnatic war

 The carnatic war

 The carnatic war was fought between French east india company and English east india company.Both were clashed to establish control over trading rights in India. They had full support of their governments and enjoyed political as well as military power. They deployed huge numbers of troops and navy to defend their trading rights. The French and the British both tried to gain political control in India by taking advantage of the internal  strife between the native princes as they played one ruler against the other. They were quick to provide military and financial support to one or more native rulers in exchange for trading rights and privileges in their territories. They became embroiled in conflicts between native rulers . the result of these conflicts were the Carnatic wars. Over a period of two decades (1744- 1763) the british and the French forces clashed in a series of war known as Carnatic war

The first Carnatic

The first Carnatic war was started in 1744 and end in 1748. At the end of first carnatic war French forces withdrew from Madras. The French occupied the English east india company’s territory of Madras.

The second carnatic war

The second carnatic war was broke out in 1749 around the question of succession in Hyderabad. Nasir jung and Muzaffar jung were rival claimants throne of Hyderabad.

Muzaffar jung as the nizam of Hyderabad and Chanda Shahib as the nawab of the carnatic region. The French Governor Dupleix wanted to gain trading rights and privileges by supporting  Chand Shahib in the Carnatic and Hyderabad, respectively. However, British forces led by Robert Clive and Captured Arcot . Chand Shahib, the nawab of the carnatic region, was executed and Muhammad Ali was placed on the throne. For this defeat of the French at the hand of the British, Dupleix was desposed and count de Lally was sent to the India by the French government. But the French continued to safeguard the nizam of Hyderabad against the British troops.  This war was ended in 1754.

The third carnatic war

The third carnatic war was started in 1756. This carnatic war was took longest period of time for seven years. During the period of continuous warfare, the French began to suffer from dearth of money and lost the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. The French lost own settlements of both Chandernagore and Pondicherry from the British. The French and the British signed the treaty of Paris by following the challenge.

1-Chandernagore and Pondicherry were restored to French.

2-French involvement in India was restricted to trade alone.

 3-The French were not allowed to deploy and an army fortify their     

      trading centres.

THIS WAR WAS ENDED IN 1763.

Hierarchy in police post

HIERARCHY IN POLICE POST 

 (1)State level:- the head of the police force at the state level is known as commissioner of police.

(2)District level:- The head of the police force at the district level is known as superintendent of police. The superintendent of police reports to the district collector. The deputy superintendent of police comes under the superintendent in the hierarchy ladder. The deputy superintendent of police is responsible for looking after the various sub-divisions of  the district. Every district is divided into at least five or more such division. 

An inspector of police has least ten police station. These police station are individually  headed by sub-inspector.

Assistant sub-inspectors , head constables , and constables are present in each of these police stations to help the sub-inspector

Functions of the police force in our country.

1- The police force is responsible for catching law breakers and arresting them.

2- The police accused persons in front of the court where they are tried and judged on   the basis of law.

3- The police is tasked with the responsibility of maintaining law and order.

4- A first information report is lodged at the local police station.

5- The police investigates each case and arrests the perpetrators of crime on the basis of FIR.

6- The police cannot punish criminals as this falls under the purview of the judicial courts.